RAIN WATER HARVESTING METHODS
EXTRA SHOTS!
( CBSE STD X GEOGRAPHY, CHAPTER 3 WATER RESOURCES)
(Std IX Geography Kerala, Chapter 3 WATER - THE ELIXIR OF LIFE)
Rain Water Harvesting
This is an act by man to help the rain water to percolate into the earth and replenish the water table.
Need for Rain Water Harvesting
To prevent the depletion of underground water and to raise the water table.
To reduce the rate of surface runoff.
To prevent soil erosion.
To increase awareness of conserving water.
Different ways of rainwater harvesting
I. Surface runoff harvesting
II. Roof top rainwater harvesting
I. Surface runoff harvesting
A.Water conservation through agricultural methods
1. Multi storied cropping
Each place receives sunlight and water in different degrees. If maximum utilization of these is done through multi storied cropping, production will increase and water can also be conserved. Also choose different heights and are suitable for each area.
2. Mulching
If mulching is done with the agricultural waste like leaves and other waste materials, it will help to conserve the soil and the moisture in that area.
3. Strip cropping
Farming different crops alternately on gentle slopes is strip cropping. The soil erosion due to wind and water can be prevented and the capacity of the soil to absorb water can be increased by strip cropping.
4. Contour cropping
Farming which is done in terraces at different levels on hill slopes is known as contour cropping. Rubber planters successfully make use of this method of cropping.
B.Water conservation through construction
1. Bench terracing
The slopes are being converted into terraces and farming is done here. This helps in protecting the soil and water.
2. Stone pitched bunds
In this method a stone wall is constructed across the slopes which allowes the soil to settle down forming level terraces. This method is followed extensively in Kerala
3. Rain water pits
Rainwater pits are made to retain rain water for a long time so that it can slowly seep into the earth These are most suited for level land.
4. Check dams
The water that runs through canals and streams are dammed and the flow of water partially obstructed. This prevents soil erosion. The water that is behind the check dams slowly percolates into the earth and enriches the water table.
II. Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting
The rain water that falls on the roofs of buildings are collected in reservoirs or recharge systems. The water collected in recharge systems helps in enriching the sources of underground water. For instance sandy areas and cities, roof top harvesting is ideal. Roof top harvesting was common the towns and villages of the Thar.
Roof top rain water harvesting is the most common practice in Shillong, Meghalaya. It is interesting because Cherapunjee and Mawsynram situated at a distance of 55km. from Shillong receive the highest rainfall in the world., yet the state capital Shillong faces acute shortage of water.
Points to Remember when harvesting the rainwater.
a. After the first rain, open the valve and led the collected water to flow off.
b. The roof tops should be clean and free from dust, mosses and other pollutants.
c. Do not use paint on roof tops.
d. See that birds do not make their nests there.
e. Do not use the roofs for any other purpose.
f. The pipes that carry the water from the roofs should be protected with a net covering.
g. Dirty water should not flow to the tanks.
h. Before recharging the underground water, a proper filter should be used.
EXTRA SHOTS!
( CBSE STD X GEOGRAPHY, CHAPTER 3 WATER RESOURCES)
(Std IX Geography Kerala, Chapter 3 WATER - THE ELIXIR OF LIFE)
Rain Water Harvesting
This is an act by man to help the rain water to percolate into the earth and replenish the water table.
Need for Rain Water Harvesting
To prevent the depletion of underground water and to raise the water table.
To reduce the rate of surface runoff.
To prevent soil erosion.
To increase awareness of conserving water.
Different ways of rainwater harvesting
I. Surface runoff harvesting
II. Roof top rainwater harvesting
I. Surface runoff harvesting
A.Water conservation through agricultural methods
1. Multi storied cropping
Each place receives sunlight and water in different degrees. If maximum utilization of these is done through multi storied cropping, production will increase and water can also be conserved. Also choose different heights and are suitable for each area.
2. Mulching
If mulching is done with the agricultural waste like leaves and other waste materials, it will help to conserve the soil and the moisture in that area.
3. Strip cropping
Farming different crops alternately on gentle slopes is strip cropping. The soil erosion due to wind and water can be prevented and the capacity of the soil to absorb water can be increased by strip cropping.
4. Contour cropping
Farming which is done in terraces at different levels on hill slopes is known as contour cropping. Rubber planters successfully make use of this method of cropping.
B.Water conservation through construction
1. Bench terracing
The slopes are being converted into terraces and farming is done here. This helps in protecting the soil and water.
2. Stone pitched bunds
In this method a stone wall is constructed across the slopes which allowes the soil to settle down forming level terraces. This method is followed extensively in Kerala
3. Rain water pits
Rainwater pits are made to retain rain water for a long time so that it can slowly seep into the earth These are most suited for level land.
4. Check dams
The water that runs through canals and streams are dammed and the flow of water partially obstructed. This prevents soil erosion. The water that is behind the check dams slowly percolates into the earth and enriches the water table.
II. Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting
The rain water that falls on the roofs of buildings are collected in reservoirs or recharge systems. The water collected in recharge systems helps in enriching the sources of underground water. For instance sandy areas and cities, roof top harvesting is ideal. Roof top harvesting was common the towns and villages of the Thar.
Roof top rain water harvesting is the most common practice in Shillong, Meghalaya. It is interesting because Cherapunjee and Mawsynram situated at a distance of 55km. from Shillong receive the highest rainfall in the world., yet the state capital Shillong faces acute shortage of water.
Points to Remember when harvesting the rainwater.
a. After the first rain, open the valve and led the collected water to flow off.
b. The roof tops should be clean and free from dust, mosses and other pollutants.
c. Do not use paint on roof tops.
d. See that birds do not make their nests there.
e. Do not use the roofs for any other purpose.
f. The pipes that carry the water from the roofs should be protected with a net covering.
g. Dirty water should not flow to the tanks.
h. Before recharging the underground water, a proper filter should be used.
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